Microsoft HoloLens

The HoloLens project began under the codename 'Project Baraboo' within Microsoft's research division, led by Alex Kipman. The first developer edition was announced in January 2015 and shipped in March 2016, with a commercial suite following later that year. HoloLens 2 was unveiled in February 2019, featuring a wider field of view, improved ergonomics, and eye-tracking. Microsoft discontinued the original HoloLens in 2019 and the HoloLens 2 in 2023, though support continues for existing devices.

HoloLens uses advanced sensors, including an inertial measurement unit, ambient light sensors, and four 'environment understanding' cameras, to map the surrounding space. The display employs waveguide technology with micro-displays, projecting light directly onto the user's retina. The custom HPU (Holographic Processing Unit) handles real-time sensor data, while the main processor is an Intel Atom (HoloLens 1) or Qualcomm Snapdragon 850 (HoloLens 2). The device runs a specialized version of Windows 10, with an interface based on gaze, gesture, and voice commands.

HoloLens has found significant adoption in enterprise settings, including manufacturing, healthcare, and education. In manufacturing, companies like Ford and Airbus use it for design review and assembly guidance. In medicine, surgeons at institutions like Imperial College London have used HoloLens to overlay CT scans during operations. The military has also explored its use, with Microsoft winning a $21.88 billion contract for the Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) in 2021, though the program faced delays and criticism.

Beyond the headline uses, HoloLens has been employed in niche fields such as archaeology, where it helps reconstruct ancient sites, and in space exploration, with NASA using it for Mars rover simulations. The device's field of view is often criticized as narrow, but Microsoft improved it in HoloLens 2. A notable edge case is the 'HoloLens for Business' suite, which includes remote assist and layout features. The device also supports Windows Mixed Reality, allowing integration with VR headsets. In 2023, Microsoft shifted focus to software and partnerships, leaving hardware development to third parties.

Mixed reality

A blend of physical and digital worlds, where holograms interact with the real environment.

HPU

Holographic Processing Unit, a custom chip for sensor data processing.

Waveguide

Optical component that guides light to create holographic images.